1. Paco has been willing to see Loch Ness

Icono IDevice Reading activity

After a very exciting journey, Paco has nearly arrived in Inverness, in the Scottish Highlands. Since he got on the train in Edinburgh, he has been reading about the area. Although the region covers about a quarter of Britain's land surface, very few people live there, and most of them are farmers. Some of the people still speak Gaelic, the ancient Celtic language of Scotland.

There are huge areas of land without any roads, where nobody lives but animals and plants. There are mountains with many sheep, wild deer and a lot of fish. The golden Eagle is a rare species that lives in the area too.

Inverness is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. As you may already know, for centuries, the inhabitants of Scotland have been building castles and fortifications of different kinds. Although many have disappeared, there are still a lot of them. Therefore the castle in Inverness is one of the most popular places in the city, together with St. Andrew's Cathedral or the Old High Church, which is the oldest church in the area. And near Inverness, you have the famous Loch Ness.

Paco has been looking through the window all the way from Edinburgh. He's amazed by the beautiful countryside: mountains, lochs (or lakes) and valleys. He's looking forward to visiting Loch Ness, and maybe seeing the famous monster, Nessie. Many people have claimed to see the monster but, obviously, there is no proof of this. It is supposed to be a large animal with a long narrow neck that is hidden under the water most of the time. There are many legends and stories about this, and it is not surprising, since the Loch is very deep and the water is dark. This way the mystery continues.


By ethan.crowley, C. Commons
By conner395, C. Commons
By g.naharro, C. Commons

 


Read the text and identify the examples of Present Perfect Continuous.


Pregunta Verdadero-Falso
Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or false:


1. Inverness is one of the few cities in the Scottish Highlands.

Verdadero Falso


2. Some people in the Highlands still speak Gaelic.

Verdadero Falso


3. Paco is very excited about visiting Loch Ness.

Verdadero Falso


4. There is evidence of some kind of strange creature living in Loch Ness.

Verdadero Falso
Icono de iDevice Solved exercise

The structure of Present Perfect Continuous is very simple. And literal translation into Spanish is normally possible.

SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + -ING FORM

Remember the word 'continuous' always suggests an -ing form!

The Present Perfect Continuous is used:

  • To emphasize the duration of an action that began in the past and continues to now.
  • To express an action that began in the past and is still in progress (it's unfinished).

Both the Present Perfect Simple (that we have seen in topic 2) and the Present Perfect Continuous can emphasize the duration of a time period that began in the past and continues to now, but if the verb expresses no action (a state or condition), then the Present Perfect Continuous is NOT used. For example, the verbs 'to know' or 'to be'.

Complete the negative and interrogative structures:

NEGATIVE SUBJECT + __________ + BEEN + -ING FORM
INTERROGATIVE
__________ + SUBJECT + __________ + -ING FORM ?

 


Icono IDevice Further knowledge
If you want to know more about stative verbs, that is, those verbs which express a state or condition and therefore don't admit an -ing form, click here. You will find a useful list of common stative verbs.

Icono IDevice Important

Remember the rules when adding -ing to a verb:

  • Normally just add -ing: work - working.
  • If the verb ends in -e, eliminate it before adding -ing: live - living.
  • If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the consonant: stop - stopping.
  • If the verb ends in -y, DON'T CHANGE ANYTHING!: study - studying.
Practice the -ing spelling by clicking here.

Easy, isn't it? In the following section we are going to see a bit more about the Present Perfect Continuous.