Adding –ing to the infinitive for the present participle and the gerund of verbs

To form the present participle and the gerund of verbs we normally just add -ing to the infinitive of the verb

Infinitive	Present participle and gerund
work	working
play	playing
study	studying

However, there are some exceptions:

Exception: If the base verb ends in...	Do this and add -ing	Infinitive	Present participle and gerund
consonant + vowel + consonant (mainly monosyllable verbs) and a stressed syllable (mainly two-syllable verbs)	double the final consonant	stop begin omit open	stopping beginning omitting opening (because there is no stress on the last syllable of open)
consonant + -e	remove the -e	come dance make dye	coming dancing making dying
-ie	change the -ie to -y	lie die	lying dying
Verbs ending in -c	add k before adding- ing	picnic panic	picnicking panicking
Notice:
consonant + -y	nothing	study carry	studying carrying
vowel + -y	nothing	play stay	playing staying